Pioneers in IC: History of Pediatric Interventional Fellowship Training
Beginning in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the origins of congenital heart disease (CHD) interventional fellowship training can be traced to five seminal pioneers: Charles Mullins, James Lock, William E. Hellenbrand, Lee N. Benson, and Albert P. Rocchini. The vast majority of CHD interventional cardiologists with formal training can trace their learning lineage back to this group. In the video, listen to William E. Hellenbrand, MD, MSCAI; Lee N. Benson, MD, MSCAI; Albert P. Rocchini, MD; and Frank F. Ing, MD, MSCAI, as they discuss how each of their programs began. The accompanying article in JSCAI features tributes to each of the five pioneers, written by their former fellows. Read the article in JSCAI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscai.2025.103707