112. The IKEA Effect and Effort Heuristic, a Behavioral Economics Foundations Episode
On today’s behavioral economics foundations episode we are going to be talking about the IKEA effect as well as the effort heuristic. I’ve loved the IKEA effect concept since the moment I heard its name. It is such a quirky title, but so clear for what this concept is all about. In its most basic form, we value things that we put effort into more than things we don’t. I’ll talk more about the details and nuances as we go through the episode and there are many more ways to use this concept than assembling your own furniture. We take a look at ways the IKEA effect plays out in our lives as well as our businesses. The IKEA effect doesn’t just have to be used for product businesses. The IKEA effect can play a huge role in change management. Tune in to learn more about the IKEA effect and how it impacts our lives and businesses. Show Notes: [00:58] In its most basic form, the IKEA Effect is that we value things that we put effort into more than things we don’t. [03:52] The core of this concept is that when people have an opportunity to build something themselves and when they put some effort in, they will value that thing higher than something they didn’t build. [04:30] Some studies have attributed this to the pride felt when assembling something yourself, and that is part of it, but it isn’t the whole story. [05:19] The endowment effect is the phenomena in our brains where simply owning something causes us to find more worth in it than what other people see in it, or in its stated price. [06:47] It may seem like the IKEA effect is merely an extension of the endowment effect, but studies have shown they are different. Even when people built something and were told they could not keep it, they still valued the item they made higher than those made by someone else. [09:05] This phenomenon makes it clear why people think their own artwork is worth more than people will pay for it, or why they ask for a lot more money than their home is worth if they put a lot of “sweat equity” into creating it. We tend to think that our effort ties into the direct value and that something we spent a lot of time on is worth more to everyone else as well. [10:12] Humans use effort as a guide for value even when we are not the ones putting in the work. This is known as the effort heuristic, which has found that even when we don’t have direct memory of the work in question (i.e. we didn’t do it ourselves), we still connect effort and quality together. [12:25] Whichever painting or poem people were told took more time to complete was the one they tended to like more and they valued it higher. [14:17] When the image being shown is of high resolution, you can see the quality, and so that can impact the valuation in addition to the number of hours you were told it took to create. [15:22] When the quality can’t be easily determined by our eyes, other pieces of information will guide the brain’s determination of value. [17:26] The IKEA effect says that we value things higher when we put effort into them. So, the effort heuristic is present within our own IKEA effects, but when someone else is putting in the work, it can trigger the effort heuristic without being the IKEA effect. [18:08] When you are exchanging dollars for hours, it reduces the effort to each 60-minute increment. [21:02] When you are putting a value on your time, it is really hard to get individual hours to reflect your expertise and the true effort you have put into your career. The value you provide is often in the time you are saving them. Knowing what that is worth is a better way to find what to charge than your total number of hours put in. [21:52] The other side of the IKEA effect is knowing that people actually like to put in effort for things. [23:37] Humans aren’t the only animals who value putting in the effort--birds and rats do this too. We are motivated by feeling like we did something and we earned it (whatever “it” is). [25:28] It is important that you don’t make it too hard so that the project doesn’t get completed. [26:40] The value of the IKEA effect was completely wiped away once they took the thing apart. [27:37] People get to feel like they are smart and savvy shoppers and get the benefit of feeling like they did something in assembling their table or bunk beds for the kids or whatever. [28:09] The research shows it is best to give a little creativity, along with a lot of guidance, to ensure people will complete the task, be more satisfied with the end result, and get the full benefits of the IKEA effect. [29:33] Using the IKEA Effect for Change Management: When you are looking to introduce a change and just throw it at someone, they have no ownership of it. They didn’t put any effort in so they don’t value it that much. When they are able to help build it, it can make all the difference in whether they are a productive member of the team or a big hindrance you need to help the team get over. [31:08] If there are people on your team who are particularly resistant to change, look for opportunities to include them as early as possible in the next project. Though be warned, if you ask them and don’t include their feedback it could actually end up worse than if you don’t ask at all. [33:29] It can help your employees look for opportunities to help bring on change themselves, and be more open to changes when they come. Fostering a culture of change doesn’t have to be difficult, and the IKEA effect can make it a little easier. [33:58] A glowing testimonial from a recent attendee of a virtual training on change management I gave to a Fortune 10 company. Looking for a webinar, training, or consulting? Email melina@thebrainybusiness.com [35:22] If you enjoyed this episode on the IKEA effect and learned something please let me know! Don’t Forget Your FREE IKEA Effect Worksheet! Thanks for listening. Don’t forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show. Let’s connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube More from The Brainy Business: Master Your Mindset Mini-Course BE Thoughtful Revolution - use code BRAINY to save 10% Melina’s John Mayer Pandora Station! Listen to what she listens to while working Want to join the Twitter game?: Melina’s Tweet Pique Bec Weeks on Twitter Center for Customer Insights on Twitter Neil Hopkins on Twitter Samuel Salzer on Twitter Abaneeta Chakraborty on Twitter Articles and Past Episodes: The Effort Heuristic When and How Does Labor Lead to Love? The Ontogeny and Mechanisms of the IKEA Effect The IKEA Effect: When Labor Leads to Love The IKEA Effect. A Conceptual Replication Anomalies The Endowment Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias Little Red Wrench story from Nikki Rausch Change Management What is Value? Loss Aversion Kwame Christian Interview Vision Does Not Happen In The Eyes, But In The Brain Nikki Rausch Interview Social Proof Gleb Tsipursky Interview Confirmation Bias Incentives